Imagine being able to sit at the feet of the
apostles and hear their stories of
life with
Jesus
from their own lips. Imagine walking with those who had walked with
Jesus, seen him, and touched him. That was what Polycarp was able to do
as a
disciple of
Saint John the Evangelist.
But being part of the second
generation of Church leaders had challenges that the first
generation
could not teach about. What did you do when those eyewitnesses were
gone? How do you carry on the correct teachings of Jesus? How do you
answer new questions that never came up before?
With the
apostles gone, heresies sprang up pretending to be true teaching,
persecution was strong, and controversies arose over how to celebrate
liturgy that
Jesus never laid down rules for.
Polycarp, as a holy
man and
bishop of Smyrna, found there was only one answer -- to be true to the
life of
Jesus and imitate that life. Saint Ignatius of
Antioch told Polycarp "your
mind is grounded in
God as on an immovable rock."
When
faced with heresy, he showed the "candid face" that Ignatius admired
and that imitated Jesus' response to the Pharisees. Marcion, the leader
of the
Marcionites
who followed a dualistic heresy, confronted Polycarp and demanded
respect by saying, "Recognize us, Polycarp." Polycarp responded, "I
recognize you, yes, I recognize the son of Satan."
On the other hand when faced with
Christian disagreements he was all forgiveness and respect. One of the controversies of the
time came over the celebration of Easter. The East, where Polycarp was from, celebrated the
Passover as the Passion of
Christ followed by a
Eucharist on the following day. The West celebrated
Easter on the
Sunday of the week following Passover. When Polycarp went to
Rome to discuss the difference with Pope Anicetus, they could not agree on this issue. But they found no difference in their
Christian beliefs. And Anicetus asked Polycarp to celebrate the
Eucharist in his own papal chapel.
Polycarp faced
persecution the way
Christ
did. His own church admired him for following the "gospel model" -- not
chasing after martyrdom as some did, but avoiding it until it was God's
will as
Jesus did. They considered it "a sign of love to desire not to save oneself alone, but to save also all the
Christian brothers and sisters."
One
day, during a bloody martyrdom when Christians were attacked by wild
animals in the arena, the crowd became so mad that they demanded more
blood by crying, "Down with the atheists; let Polycarp be found." (They
considered Christians "atheists" because they didn't believe in their
pantheon of gods.) Since Polycarp was not only known as a leader but as
someone holy "even before his grey hair appeared", this was a horrible
demand.
Polycarp was calm but others persuaded him to leave the city and hide at a nearby farm. He spent his
time in
prayer for people he knew and for the Church. During his
prayer he saw a vision of his pillow turned to fire and announced to his friends that the dream meant he would be burned alive.
As
the search closed in, he moved to another farm, but the police
discovered he was there by torturing two boys. He had a little warning
since he was upstairs in the house but he decided to stay, saying,
"God's
will be done."
Then
he went downstairs, talked to his captors and fed them a meal. All he
asked of them was that they give him an hour to pray. He spent two hours
praying for everyone he had every known and for the Church,
"remembering all who had at any
time come his way -- small folk and great folk, distinguished and undistinguished, and the whole
Catholic
Church throughout the world." Many of his captors started to wonder why
they were arresting this holy, eighty-six-year-old bishop.
But
that didn't stop them from taking him into the arena on the Sabbath. As
he entered the arena, the crowd roared like the animals they cheered.
Those around Polycarp heard a voice from
heaven above the crowd, "Be brave, Polycarp, and act like a man."
The proconsul begged the eighty-six-year-old
bishop
to give in because of his age. "Say 'Away with the atheists'" the
proconsul urged. Polycarp calmly turned to the face the crowd, looked
straight at them, and said, "Away with the atheists." The proconsul
continued to plead with him. When he asked Polycarp to swear by Caesar
to save himself, Polycarp answered, "If you imagine that I
will
swear by Caesar, you do not know who I am. Let me tell you plainly, I
am a Christian." Finally, when all else failed the proconsul reminded
Polycarp that he would be thrown to the wild animals unless he changed
his mind. Polycarp answered, "Change of
mind from better to worse is not a change allowed to us."
Because
of Polycarp's lack of fear, the proconsul told him he would be burned
alive but Polycarp knew that the fire that burned for an hour was better
than eternal fire.
When he was tied up to be burned, Polycarp prayed, "Lord
God Almighty, Father of your beloved and blessed Son
Jesus Christ, through whom we have received
knowledge of you,
God of
angels and powers, of the whole
creation
and of the whole race of the righteous who live in your sight, I bless
you, for having made me worthy of this day and hour, I bless you,
because I may have a part, along with the martyrs, in the
chalice of your Christ, to resurrection in eternal life, resurrection both of
soul
and body in the incorruptibility of the Holy Spirit. May I be received
today, as a rich and acceptable sacrifice, among those who are in you
presence, as you have prepared and foretold and fulfilled,
God
who is faithful and true. For this and for all benefits I praise you, I
bless you, I glorify you, through the eternal and heavenly High Priest,
Jesus Christ, your beloved Son, through whom be to you with him and the
Holy Spirit glory, now and for all the ages to come. Amen."
The fire was lit as Polycarp said
Amen and then the eyewitnesses who reported said they saw a miracle. The fire burst up in an
arch
around Polycarp, the flames surrounding him like sails, and instead of
being burned he seemed to glow like bread baking, or gold being melted
in a furnace. When the captors saw he wasn't being burned, they stabbed
him. The blood that flowed put the fire out.
The
proconsul wouldn't let the Christians have the body because he was
afraid they would worship Polycarp. The witnesses reported this with
scorn for the lack of understanding of
Christian faith: "They did not know that we can never abandon the innocent
Christ who suffered on behalf of sinners for the
salvation of those in this world." After the body was burned, they
stole the bones in order to celebrate the
memory of his martyrdom and prepare others for persecution. The date was about February 23, 156.
In His Footsteps:
When faced with challenges to your
Christian life, try a version of Polycarp's
prayer of martyrdom: "Lord
God Almighty, Father of your beloved and blessed Son
Jesus Christ, through whom we have received
knowledge of you,
God of
angels and powers, of the whole
creation
and of the whole race of the righteous who live in your sight, I bless
you, for having made me worthy of this day and hour, I bless you,
because I may have a part, along with the martyrs, in the
chalice of your Christ, to resurrection in eternal life, resurrection both of
soul
and body in the incorruptibility of the Holy Spirit. For this and for
all benefits I praise you, I bless you, I glorify you, through the
eternal and heavenly High Priest,
Jesus Christ, your beloved Son, through whom be to you with him and the
Holy Spirit glory, now and for all the ages to come. Amen."
Prayer:
Saint Polycarp, sometimes
Christ seems so far away from us. Centuries have passed since he and the
apostles walk the earth. Help us to see that he is close to us always and that we can keep him near by imitating his
life as you did.
Amen
from Wikipedia
Polycarp (Greek:
Πολύκαρπος,
Polýkarpos; AD 69–155) was a 2nd-century Christian bishop of Smyrna.
[1] According to the
Martyrdom of Polycarp he died a martyr, bound and burned at the stake, then stabbed when the fire failed to touch him.
[2] Polycarp is regarded as a saint in the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Anglican, and Lutheran churches.
It is recorded by Irenaeus, who heard him speak in his youth, and by Tertullian,
[3] that he had been a disciple of John the Apostle.
[4][5] Saint Jerome wrote that Polycarp was a disciple of John and that John had ordained him bishop of Smyrna.
The early tradition that expanded upon the
Martyrdom to link
Polycarp in competition and contrast with John the Apostle who, though
many people had tried to kill him, was not martyred but died of old age
after being exiled to the island of Patmos, is embodied in the Coptic language fragmentary papyri (the "Harris fragments") dating to the 3rd to 6th centuries.
[6] Frederick Weidmann, their editor, interprets the "Harris fragments" as Smyrnan hagiography
addressing Smyrna-Ephesus church rivalries, which "develops the
association of Polycarp and John to a degree unwitnessed, so far as we
know, either before or since".
[7] The fragments echo the
Martyrology, and diverge from it.
With Clement of Rome and Ignatius of Antioch, Polycarp is regarded as one of three chief Apostolic Fathers. The sole surviving work attributed to his authorship is his
Letter to the Philippians; it is first recorded by Irenaeus of Lyons.